Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles of the sea. My first most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things seems to me to have been gained on a memorable raw afternoon towards evening. At such a time I found out for certain that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard; and that Philip Pirrip, late of this parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above, were dead and buried; and that Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias, and Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were also dead and buried; and that the dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dikes and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes; and that the low leaden line beyond was the river; and that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing was the sea; and that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip.
我打住了小策,宣布挑战失败——他的讲解没有让听众理解。其实,理解这段话可以从我们已经熟悉的第三个句子开始,其主句是:I found out.下面带了7个宾语从句,这7个宾语从句都是细节描述,投射了主人公的心理状态。作者用的是倒叙的方式,在小说的开始,呈现给我们主人公的回忆。这三个句子是彼此有联系、层层递进的关系,书面文本和生活语境有两个相同的组织机制:相关和递进。找到这两个机制,理解就会变得容易。